Periodontal surgery is indicated when deep pockets remain underneath the gum after having cleaning sessions that are extensive. The periodontal surgery allows to reduce the pockets, remove diseased tissues, allows access for further cleaning of the root surface and reposition and shaping of the bones, gums and tissues that supports the teeth. Depending on the individual diagnosis and the dental patient's needs, periodontal surgery or surgical procedures may vary. There are five steps that are followed by surgical procedures which includes: shaping the gum tissue, lifting, or flapping, the gums away from the tooth and surrounding the bone, cleaning and removing diseased root surfaces, regenerating bone loss and gum attachment and replacing gum tissue so that there is minimal pocket depth.